Ch. 4 Agriculture

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Q. What are the 2 most important beverage crops in India. State the favourable conditions for the growth of any one.

 A. The two most important beverage crops in India are tea and coffee.
Favourable conditions for the growth of tea are:

・Tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.

・Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. 

・It requires frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous
growth of tender leaves. 

・Tea is a labour intensive industry. It requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour.
Q. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy. Explain the statement by giving 3 reasons.
A. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy because it is the main source of:


・Employment: Over two-thirds of our population is engaged in agricultural activities.

 ・Raw materials: Agriculture is a primary activity which produces most of the food that we consume. Besides food grains, it also produces raw materials for various industries eg cotton for the textile industry.

 ・Income: Many agricultural products like tea, coffee, spices etc are also exported. Thus these products earn foreign exchange and generate income for the country.


Q. Explain the factors responsible for low yield of crops per person in India.

 A. ・Right to inheritance: It reduces the land holdings per person which uneconomical.

 ・Primitive methods of farming are another reason for low yield. Farmers still don't have adequate machinery, HYV seeds, irrigation facilities etc.

 ・ Population pressure: As the population increases, the demand for crop also increases but the yield remains same. Thus the pressure to produce increases per hectare.
Q. Distinguish between  Kharif  and Rabi  Crops.

 A. 
Kharif Crops
Rabi Crops
Kharif crops are grown with the onset of
monsoon in different parts of the country and
these are harvested in September-October.
Rabi crops are sown in winter from October
in December and harvested in summer from
April to June.

Availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones helps in the success of these crops.
Important crops grown during this season are
paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean.
Important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.
Kharif crops especially rice is grown in Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra, particularly the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh
and Bihar.
These crops are grown in large parts of north and northwestern India such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh

Q. How is the government helping Indian farmers in increasing their agricultural production?
A.・‘Land reform’ was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan. The right of inheritance had already lead to fragmentation of land holdings necessitating consolidation of holdings.

 ・The Government of India embarked upon introducing agricultural
reforms to improve Indian agriculture in the 1960s and 1970s.

 ・The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve a lot of Indian agriculture.

 ・In the 1980s and 990s, a comprehensive land development programme was initiated, which included both institutional and technical reforms. Provision or crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, the establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest were some important steps in this direction.

・Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers. Moreover, special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television. The government also announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

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