N.C.E.R.T. Simplified

Q. Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India? A.   Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in various ways: ・The literacy rate among women is only 54% compared with 76% among men. ・A smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies. When we look at school results, girls perform as well as boys, if not better in some places. But they drop out because parents prefer to spend their resources on their boy's education rather than spending equally on their sons and daughters. ・ The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an average, an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. Yet much of her work is not paid and thus is not valued. ・ The Equal Wages act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work. However in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinemas to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when ...

Democratic Rights Electoral Politics Working Of Institutions

Q1. What is the importance of rights in a democracy? A1.  Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of democracy. They are important in the following ways: i) Political rights like right to vote allow people to elect their rulers. ii) Because of rights, people enjoy various freedoms like freedom of speech, expression, belief, faith and worship. iii) Rights protect minorities from the oppression of the majority. Rights of minorities ensure that the majority cannot do whatever they want. iv) Some rights ensure that the government does not misuse its powers and attack the freedoms of its own citizens. Q2. Explain the provisions of right to equality as mentioned in the Indian constitution. A2. Right to equality (mentioned in Articles 14-18) - i) Rule of equality (equality before law): It means that no person is above the law. The government shall not deny any person in India equality before the law or equal protection of laws. ii) There is equality of opportunity ...