N.C.E.R.T. Simplified

 

1. Article 1 (Defines India in terms of territory) 2. Article 2 (Enables admission/creation of new states into India) 3. Article 3 (Formation of new states and alteration of names, boundaries, and areas of existing states) 4. 1st Schedule (Lists States and UTs and their extents) 5. Article 368 (Constitutional amendments) 6. 9th Constitutional Amendment Act (1960) (Transfer of Indian territory to foreign powers) Q. Is constitutional amendment required for ceding Indian territory to a foreign power?  What about settlement of boundary disputes? A. Yes . Constitutional amendment is required. Refer Berubari Union  case, wherein SC held that the power of Parliament to diminish area of a state, under Article 3, does NOT cover cession of Indian territory to a foreign power. This SC ruling along with the consequent 9th Amendment Act (1960) requires constitutional amendment under Article 368.  HOWEVER,   SC also ruled, in 1969,   that settlement of boundary dispute between India and another