Ch. 5 Working Of Institutions Extra Questions

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Q. What is the importance of political institutions?

 A. i) The PM and the cabinet are institutions that take all important policy decisions.

 ii)  The civil servants are responsible for taking steps to implement the minister's decisions.

 iii) Supreme Court is an institution where disputes between the citizens and the government are finally settled.

 iv) Parliament is an institution consisting an assembly of elected representatives. It is the supreme political authority on behalf of the people.

 Q.  Discuss the powers of the Indian Parliament.

 A. i) Parliament is the final authority for making laws in our country. It can make new laws, change existing laws, or abolish existing laws and make new ones in their place.

 ii)It exercises some control over hose who run the government. Those who run the government can take decisions only so long as they enjoy the support of the parliament.

 iii) Parliament controls all the money the government has. Public money can be spent only when the Parliament sanctions it.

 iv) It is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policy.

 Q. Which is the permanent House and why?

 A. Rajya Sabha is the permanent House because it never dissolves and one third of its members are replaced by new members every 2 years.

 Q. What is the composition of the 2 Houses?

 A. Lok Sabha-

i) It consists of 545 members out of which 543 are elected directly by the people and 2 are appointed by the President.

 ii) The term of all members is 5 years.

 Rajya Sabha-

 i) It consists of 250 members out of which 238 are indirectly elected and 12 are nominated by the President.

 ii)The term of all members is 6 years.

 Q. How is the Lok Sabha more powerful than the Rajya Sabha?

 A. i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. But if there is a difference between the 2 Houses, the final decision is taken in o joint session. Because of more members, the view of Lok Sabha is likely to prevail.

 ii) Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once it passes the budget of the government or any related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. It can only suggest changes and delay it by 14 days. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept them.

 iii) Lok Sabha controls the council of ministers. If it passes a 'no confidence' motion, then all ministers including the PM have to resign. Rajya Sabha does not have this power.

 Q. Define the following terms-

 A.  i) Judicial review- The Supreme Court and High Court have the power to declare invalid any law of the legislature, or the  actions of the executive if they find such law or action to be against the Constitution.

 ii) PIL- Public Interest Litigation (PIL) means that anyone can approach the courts if public interest is hurt by the Government.

 Q. Differentiate between parliamentary and presidential form of governments.

 A. Parliamentary government-
i) President is the head of state and PM is the head of the government.

 ii) President is elected by the MPs and PM is directly elected by the people.

 iii) President cannot veto any law.

 iv) Tenure of the President is 5 years.

  Presidential government- 
i) President is both the head of state as well as the government.

 ii) President is directly elected by the people. He himself chooses and appoints all the ministers.

 iii) President can veto any law.

 iv) Tenure of president is 4 years.

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