Ch. 15 Improvement in Food Resources
Q. List 2 demerits of the continuous use of fertilisers.
A. 1. It can destroy the soil fertility because the organic matter in the soil is not replenished.
2. The microorganisms in the soil are harmed.
Q. How do insects and pests damage crops?
A. Generally, insect pests attack the plants in 3 ways-
1. They cut the root, stem, and leaves.
2. They suck the cell sap from various parts of the plant.
3. They bore into the stem and fruits. They thus affect the health of the crop and reduce yields.
Q. How can insects pests in a crop plants and stored grains be controlled?
A. They can be controlled by-
1. By using pesticides ( herbicides and insecticides). These are sprayed on crop plants or used for treating soil and seeds.
2. By using resistant varieties of crops
3. By summer ploughing in which fields are ploughed deep in summers to destroy weeds and pests.
Q. Define hybridization. List any 2 advantages.
A. Hybridization refers to the crossing between genetically dissimilar plants producing a hybrid having the characteristics of both the parents. It enables us to incorporate desirable characters into crop varieties. It enables us to create a high yielding (HYV) seeds which are disease resistant.
Q. What is organic farming? Name some bioagents used as the following-
a) Bio fertilizers
b) Biopesticides
A. It is the practice of raising crops without using manures, biofertilizers and biopesticides.
a) BIO-FERTILISERS: Nitrogen fixing organisms(eg blue-green algae), mineral solubilizing bacteria.
b) BIO-PESTICIDES: Neem leaves, turmeric.
Q. a) How is green manure prepared?
A. Prior to the sowing of crop seeds, some plants like sun hemp or guar are grown and then mulched by ploughing them into soil. These green plants thus turn into green manure.
b) When is it added to the crop plants?
A. Green manure is added to the crop plants before swinging the seeds.
c) What is the advantage of this type of manure?
A. It replenishes the soil with nitrogen and phosphorus.
Q. a) What are the short-term benefits of using fertilisers?
A. Fertilisers supply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. They ensure good vegetative growth.
b) How do fertilisers destroy soil fertility?
A. Continuous use of fertilisers destroys soil fertility because organic matter in the soil is not replenished and microorganisms in the soil are not harmed by the fertilisers.
Q. a) What is crop rotation?
A. The practice of growing different crops on a piece of land in a preplanned succession.
b) State its advantages.
A. 1. If crop rotation s done properly then, 2 or 3 can be grown in a year with good harvests.
2. It reduces the need for fertilisers. Eg: nitrogen supply is maintained in a field when leguminous crops are altered with other crops.
Q. a) What are the factors responsible for storage loses in agriculture?
A. The biotic factors are- Insects, rodents, fungi, mites and bacteria.
The abiotic factors are- Inappropriate moisture and temperature.
b) How do these factors affect the stored produce?
A. These factors cause the degeneration of quality, loss in weight, discolouration of produce all leading to poor marketability.
c) List the preventive measures to control storage losses in agriculture.
A. 1. By proper treatment and systematic management of warehouses.
2. Strict treatment of the produce before storage, proper drying of produce first in sunlight and then in shade.
3. Fumigation using chemicals that kill pests.
Q. a) What do you mean by bee keeping?
A. Bee keeping(apiculture) is the rearing, care and management of honey bees for obtaining honey, wax and other substances.
b) Name the variety used for honey production.
A. Apis cerana indica.
c) Name the variety having honey collecting capacity.
A. Apis mellifera.
d) State how pasturage is related to honey production.
A. The value/quality of honey depends upon the pasturage i.e. the flowers available to the bees for vector and pollen collection. In addition to this, the kind of flowers will determine the taste of honey.
Q. a) What are 2 types of animal feeds.
A. They are roughage which is largely fibre and concentrate which are low in fibre and contain relatively high levels of protein and other nutrients.
b) What are additives and what is their use?
A. Additives added to animal feeds are micronutrients that promote health and milk output of dairy animals.
Q. What are the desirable traits for which new varieties of poultry birds are developed?
A. 1. Number and quality of chicks.
2. Dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick production.
3. Summer adaption to high temperature.
4. Low maintenance requirements.
5. Reduction in the size of egg-laying bird with the ability to utilize more fibrous, cheaper diets formulated using agricultural products.
A. 1. It can destroy the soil fertility because the organic matter in the soil is not replenished.
2. The microorganisms in the soil are harmed.
Q. How do insects and pests damage crops?
A. Generally, insect pests attack the plants in 3 ways-
1. They cut the root, stem, and leaves.
2. They suck the cell sap from various parts of the plant.
3. They bore into the stem and fruits. They thus affect the health of the crop and reduce yields.
Q. How can insects pests in a crop plants and stored grains be controlled?
A. They can be controlled by-
1. By using pesticides ( herbicides and insecticides). These are sprayed on crop plants or used for treating soil and seeds.
2. By using resistant varieties of crops
3. By summer ploughing in which fields are ploughed deep in summers to destroy weeds and pests.
Q. Define hybridization. List any 2 advantages.
A. Hybridization refers to the crossing between genetically dissimilar plants producing a hybrid having the characteristics of both the parents. It enables us to incorporate desirable characters into crop varieties. It enables us to create a high yielding (HYV) seeds which are disease resistant.
Q. What is organic farming? Name some bioagents used as the following-
a) Bio fertilizers
b) Biopesticides
A. It is the practice of raising crops without using manures, biofertilizers and biopesticides.
a) BIO-FERTILISERS: Nitrogen fixing organisms(eg blue-green algae), mineral solubilizing bacteria.
b) BIO-PESTICIDES: Neem leaves, turmeric.
Q. a) How is green manure prepared?
A. Prior to the sowing of crop seeds, some plants like sun hemp or guar are grown and then mulched by ploughing them into soil. These green plants thus turn into green manure.
b) When is it added to the crop plants?
A. Green manure is added to the crop plants before swinging the seeds.
c) What is the advantage of this type of manure?
A. It replenishes the soil with nitrogen and phosphorus.
Q. a) What are the short-term benefits of using fertilisers?
A. Fertilisers supply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. They ensure good vegetative growth.
b) How do fertilisers destroy soil fertility?
A. Continuous use of fertilisers destroys soil fertility because organic matter in the soil is not replenished and microorganisms in the soil are not harmed by the fertilisers.
Q. a) What is crop rotation?
A. The practice of growing different crops on a piece of land in a preplanned succession.
b) State its advantages.
A. 1. If crop rotation s done properly then, 2 or 3 can be grown in a year with good harvests.
2. It reduces the need for fertilisers. Eg: nitrogen supply is maintained in a field when leguminous crops are altered with other crops.
Q. a) What are the factors responsible for storage loses in agriculture?
A. The biotic factors are- Insects, rodents, fungi, mites and bacteria.
The abiotic factors are- Inappropriate moisture and temperature.
b) How do these factors affect the stored produce?
A. These factors cause the degeneration of quality, loss in weight, discolouration of produce all leading to poor marketability.
c) List the preventive measures to control storage losses in agriculture.
A. 1. By proper treatment and systematic management of warehouses.
2. Strict treatment of the produce before storage, proper drying of produce first in sunlight and then in shade.
3. Fumigation using chemicals that kill pests.
Q. a) What do you mean by bee keeping?
A. Bee keeping(apiculture) is the rearing, care and management of honey bees for obtaining honey, wax and other substances.
b) Name the variety used for honey production.
A. Apis cerana indica.
c) Name the variety having honey collecting capacity.
A. Apis mellifera.
d) State how pasturage is related to honey production.
A. The value/quality of honey depends upon the pasturage i.e. the flowers available to the bees for vector and pollen collection. In addition to this, the kind of flowers will determine the taste of honey.
Q. a) What are 2 types of animal feeds.
A. They are roughage which is largely fibre and concentrate which are low in fibre and contain relatively high levels of protein and other nutrients.
b) What are additives and what is their use?
A. Additives added to animal feeds are micronutrients that promote health and milk output of dairy animals.
Q. What are the desirable traits for which new varieties of poultry birds are developed?
A. 1. Number and quality of chicks.
2. Dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick production.
3. Summer adaption to high temperature.
4. Low maintenance requirements.
5. Reduction in the size of egg-laying bird with the ability to utilize more fibrous, cheaper diets formulated using agricultural products.
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